[spike]

The Left Wrist is the Master Wrist. During the Backstroke, the Left Hand Turns palm down to the surface of the Plane. The Clubface goes where the Left Wrist goes, and the Right Hand, if it moves at all, always moves in accordance with the Left.

With a Strong, Single Action Grip (10-2-B) and Standard Wrist Action (10-18-A), the Turn to the Plane is a true rotation of the Hands (from Vertical at Address to Turned On Plane in the Backstroke). This Action is independent of Body Rotation and Arm Swing.

With Single Wrist Action (10-18-C-1/2/3), the Wrist apprears to Turn -- but it is not independently Turned. In fact, Single Wrist Action is not Wrist Action at all. Instead, it is a substitute, a Hinge Action, i.e., the Left Wrist is not deliberately Turned -- twisted -- but instead simply remains perpendicular to one of the Three Basic Planes (Horizontal, Angled or Vertical).

In other words, with Single Wrist Action, there is no true rotation of the Left Wrist. Its Motion is essentially dictated by the Body Turn and Arm Swing, but it is individualized by the Left Wrist into one of the Three Basic Hinge Actions -- Horizontal (10-18-C-#1); Angled (10-18-C-#2; or Vertical (10-18-C-#3). As the Backstroke progresses, the Left Wrist departs from its Hinge Action alignment and gradually Turns to Plane. Otherwise, the Left Wrist could not Cock on Plane, and the result would be a decidely 'Un-Golflike Motion' (which is always improper Execution).

So, no matter which procedure used -- Standard or Single -- the Hands arrive at the Top with identical On Plane alignments. The selected Variation merely defines the manner in which they get there. Precision, as always, is "recognizing and reconciling minute differentiations" (2-0).

Wow!!!

It is so satisfying to be here getting answers that are real!!!

Thank you Lynn!

BTW, is it my eyes or is 10-18-A and 10-18-B (6th Edition) the same picture?