What's the difference between hinge actions and hinge motions or does it mean the same?
Motion is geometry/alignments, Action is Physics/Force.
Hinge Motion is the Geometry of the Clubface through Impact. "That is “Closing” without “Lay-back.” (10-10-D) “Lay-back” without “Closing” (10-10-E) and simultaneous “Closing” and “Lay-back” (10-10-C)."
"Clubface loft (2-C-1) and Hinge Action (2-D) determine altitude and backspin and are the basic elements of Ball Control."
I see I once again asked before searching.
In case this is new for others as well, here is what Yoda wrote about this back in 2006:
Originally Posted by Yoda
Hinge Motion Versus Hinge Action
Hinge Motion refers to the posssible Clubface Motions through Impact -- Close and Layback (or their simultaneous combination).
Hinge Action refers to the Flat Left Wrist producing that Motion by remaining Vertical to one of the three Basic Planes, i.e., Horizontal, Vertical or Angled.
Indeed, Clubface Hinge Motion duplicates Left Wrist Hinge Action. And vice versa.
But always...
Action is cause.
Motion is result.
This distinction is also important when considering the differing Rhythm of the three Hinge Actions, i.e., the In-Line Motions of the #3 Accumulator (Left Arm and Club) and the resultant Clubhead Travel distances to the end of the Both-Arms-Straight Follow-Through.