Triceps are important, especially in hitting. Shoulders muscles are important, and according to Homer in the 7th edition, Chest and Lats are also important. Strenghtening these areas along with your abdominals WILL help your game and very likely increase your distances. But, don't fall into the trap that there are specific muscles that you can train and develop to the exclusion of others. The golf swing is a total body motion, from the feet to the head so in order to maximize your physical potential train the whole body.
In addition, strengthening a set of muscles to the exclusion of the supporting muscular structure invites injury due to the potential overload on the supporting muscles. For instance, lets say you focus your training entirely on the upper body to the exlusion of the abdominals, lower back, hips and legs. Over time, your upper body will be able to handle double or triple it's current maximum load. But your supporting muscular structure will break down (muscle, tendon, and ligament damage) due to the increased stress.
Take a Holistic approach to your strength training. You can always give more focus to your golf muscles, but make sure you prepare the body infrastructure with them.
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